{"id":213408,"date":"2023-07-20T12:20:59","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T15:20:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.trustedtranslations.com\/?post_type=blog&p=213408"},"modified":"2023-07-20T12:20:59","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T15:20:59","slug":"dialectos-etnolectos-y-sociolectos","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.trustedtranslations.com\/es\/blog\/dialectos-etnolectos-y-sociolectos","title":{"rendered":"Dialectos, etnolectos y sociolectos"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde surge nuestra manera de hablar? Las variantes l\u00e9xicas regionales aparecen frecuentemente en lo cotidiano: unos dicen \u00abgaseosa\u00bb, \u00abremera\u00bb y \u00ablaburo\u00bb mientras que otros dicen \u00abrefresco\u00bb, \u00abplayera\u00bb y \u00abchamba\u00bb. Sin embargo, si observamos estas variantes desde un punto de vista ling\u00fc\u00edstico, puede parecer que hay tantas variantes l\u00e9xicas como variedades dialectales.<\/p>\n

En esta nota, veremos qu\u00e9 son los dialectos, los etnolectos y los sociolectos y por qu\u00e9 son importantes para las traducciones y para las localizaciones<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Dialectos<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la diferencia entre lengua y dialecto? Incluso para los ling\u00fcistas, la diferencia no es siempre clara y, en una charla entre amigos, pueden usarse los dos t\u00e9rminos para referirse a lo mismo.<\/p>\n

En la mayor\u00eda de las definiciones, sin embargo, un dialecto se refiere espec\u00edficamente a una variedad de la lengua que se distingue regional o socialmente, es decir, una variedad que muestra caracter\u00edsticas \u00fanicas de vocabulario, gram\u00e1tica y pronunciaci\u00f3n, que a menudo est\u00e1n influenciadas por clase la clase social o la regi\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica de los hablantes. Abundan los ejemplos de dialectos tanto en las lenguas modernas como en las antiguas, desde el griego e\u00f3lico (un grupo particular de dialectos de griego antiguo) hasta el ingl\u00e9s del sur de Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n

Etnolectos<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Un etnolecto es una variedad de la lengua que se asocia con un grupo \u00e9tnico en particular. En los Estados Unidos, por ejemplo, tanto el ingl\u00e9s chicano como el ingl\u00e9s vern\u00e1culo afroamericano<\/a> se han considerado como etnolectos, ya que uno se asocia con los estadounidenses de origen mexicano, el otro, con los afroamericanos. Tambi\u00e9n hay multietnolectos, o variedades ling\u00fc\u00edsticas que han sido influenciadas por m\u00faltiples lenguas, especialmente en \u00e1reas urbanas densas y de clase obrera.<\/p>\n

El t\u00e9rmino no est\u00e1 exento de controversias. Algunos investigadores temen que enfocarse en aspectos \u00e9tnicos del desarrollo de una lengua pueda pasar por alto otros factores importantes o conducir a estereotipos incorrectos y da\u00f1inos. Por ejemplo, es importante evitar caer en la trampa ideol\u00f3gica de la lengua est\u00e1ndar, que a veces propone una variedad mayoritaria como lengua pura y considera las variedades minoritarias como fuera de la norma.<\/p>\n

Sociolectos<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Un sociolecto es una variedad que es usada dentro de un grupo o clase social. Los sociolectos pueden ser influenciados por una amplia gama de factores sociales como la posici\u00f3n socioecon\u00f3mica, la educaci\u00f3n y la profesi\u00f3n, como tambi\u00e9n el grupo etario, la religi\u00f3n, el g\u00e9nero, el origen \u00e9tnico (los etnolectos tambi\u00e9n pueden considerarse sociolectos) y m\u00e1s.<\/p>\n

En Inglaterra, tanto la jerga cockney como la pronunciaci\u00f3n aceptada pueden considerarse etnolectos, ya que una pertenece a la clase obrera londinense y la otra, a los medios y al patriciado. Se dice que hace un tiempo, en el estado de Nueva York, se asociaba el acento no r\u00f3tico, en el que no se pronuncian las erres terminales, con las clases obreras, mientras que los que aspiraban al ascenso social tend\u00edan a exagerar las erres.<\/p>\n

\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 los dialectos son importantes para la traducci\u00f3n y para la localizaci\u00f3n?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Por supuesto, el lenguaje no siempre es una ciencia exacta u obvia. La mayor\u00eda de las personas usa m\u00e1s de un dialecto cuando habla, y muchos de nosotros, incluso inconscientemente, alternamos los dialectos que usamos seg\u00fan la situaci\u00f3n en la que nos encontramos.<\/p>\n

Por lo tanto, cuando uno trabaja con traducciones y con localizaciones, es fundamental tener en cuenta estos conceptos. Ciertos p\u00fablicos meta y ciertas situaciones requieren un traductor profesional <\/a>que est\u00e9 familiarizado con algunos dialectos, etnolectos y sociolectos espec\u00edficos para garantizar el mejor resultado posible.<\/p>\n

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Foto de Victoria Strukovskaya\u00a0en\u00a0Unsplash<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00bfDe d\u00f3nde surge nuestra manera de hablar? Las variantes l\u00e9xicas regionales aparecen frecuentemente en lo cotidiano: unos dicen \u00abgaseosa\u00bb, \u00abremera\u00bb y \u00ablaburo\u00bb mientras que otros dicen \u00abrefresco\u00bb, \u00abplayera\u00bb y 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