A l’Universit\u00e9 de Lund en Su\u00e8de, des recherches ont r\u00e9cemment \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es sur les effets de l’apprentissage d’une nouvelle langue d\u00e9montrant la croissance de diff\u00e9rentes parties du cerveau, l’une \u00e9tant l’hippocampe. Pourquoi cette partie du cerveau est-elle si importante\u00a0? Pour ne pas entrer dans les d\u00e9tails, chez l’homme, le syst\u00e8me hippocampique est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire dite \u00e9pisodique (traite des informations relatives \u00e0 la connaissance du monde et aux exp\u00e9riences de vie) et \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire spatiale (qui stocke des \u00e9l\u00e9ments \u00e0 caract\u00e8re visuel ou spatial).<\/p>\n
Les \u00e9tudiants recrut\u00e9s pour la recherche indiqu\u00e9e ci-dessus \u00e9taient des jeunes de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie d\u2019Interpr\u00e9tation des Forces Arm\u00e9es Su\u00e9doises. Ces sujets ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 \u00e0 un rythme intensif des langues telles que l’arabe, le russe ou le dari, du matin jusqu’au soir, tous les jours de la semaine.<\/p>\n
Afin de v\u00e9rifier que le r\u00e9sultat de l’enqu\u00eate impliquait une am\u00e9lioration d\u2019une connaissance bien sp\u00e9cifique, l\u2019exp\u00e9rience a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e en parall\u00e8le avec un groupe de contr\u00f4le compos\u00e9 d’\u00e9tudiants en sciences cognitives et en m\u00e9decine de l’Universit\u00e9 d’Umea, \u00a0des individus \u00e9tudiant intensivement, mais aucune langue n’est inclut dans leurs programmes. Aucun changement n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 remarqu\u00e9 sur ces sujets.<\/p>\n
Ce r\u00e9sultat compl\u00e8te ceux d\u00e9j\u00e0 obtenus au cours d\u2019une \u00e9tude men\u00e9e en 2010 \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de York \u00e0 Toronto, qui a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la maladie d’Alzheimer pr\u00e9sente un d\u00e9veloppement plus tardif chez les personnes bilingues ou multilingues. Mais pourquoi ? Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 que c’est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment au niveau de l’hippocampe que la perturbation se manifeste comme l’un des premiers signes de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Et encore une fois, l’hippocampe est souvent l’objet des crises d’\u00e9pilepsie. Cela pourrait \u00eatre un point de d\u00e9part pour la recherche sur les avantages qui d\u00e9coulent de l’apprentissage des langues.<\/p>\n
Johan M\u00e5rtensson, l’enqu\u00eateur en charge du projet su\u00e9dois, r\u00e9sume tout ceci, suite \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re phase de la recherche : \u00ab\u00a0Bien que nous ne pouvons pas comparer trois mois d’\u00e9tude intensive d\u2019une langue avec une vie enti\u00e8re, beaucoup de choses indiquent que l’apprentissage des langues est une bonne fa\u00e7on de garder votre cerveau en forme. \u00ab\u00a0<\/p>\n
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