{"id":160995,"date":"2022-10-11T19:25:25","date_gmt":"2022-10-11T19:25:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.trustedtranslations.com\/?post_type=blog&p=160995"},"modified":"2022-10-11T19:25:25","modified_gmt":"2022-10-11T19:25:25","slug":"quest-ce-que-les-isolats-linguistiques","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.trustedtranslations.com\/fr\/blog\/quest-ce-que-les-isolats-linguistiques","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u2019est-ce que les isolats linguistiques\u00a0?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un isolat linguistique<\/strong> est une langue qui ne semble pas avoir de relation v\u00e9rifiable avec d\u2019autres langues, comme si elle s\u2019\u00e9tait d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cart des autres (d\u2019o\u00f9 le terme). Autrement dit, ce sont des langues qui ne peuvent pas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme faisant partie d\u2019une famille de langues.<\/p>\n

Dans cette s\u00e9rie de trois articles sur les langues et l\u2019isolement, nous allons d\u00e9couvrir ces langues fascinantes.<\/p>\n

Quels exemples y a-t-il de langues isol\u00e9es\u00a0?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bien que ces langues semblent myst\u00e9rieuses, elles ne sont pas du tout rares de trouver. Tu seras peut-\u00eatre surpris d\u2019apprendre que certains linguistes consid\u00e8rent qu\u2019il existe environ 129 langues isol\u00e9es <\/a>dans le monde et que beaucoup d\u2019entre elles sont assez bien connues.<\/p>\n

La langue basque (euskara<\/i>) est peut-\u00eatre la plus connue et compte plus ou moins 750\u00a0000 personnes qui l\u2019utilisent comme langue maternelle. Elle est concentr\u00e9e au Pays basque (Euskal Herria<\/i>), situ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ouest des Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, pr\u00e8s de la fronti\u00e8re entre la France et l\u2019Espagne, et est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l\u2019une des langues les plus anciennes d\u2019Europe. Bien que l\u2019utilisation de la langue ait \u00e9t\u00e9 restreinte pendant la guerre civile et sous le r\u00e9gime de Franco, actuellement, en Espagne, on s\u2019occupe de pr\u00e9server et de faire revivre la langue.<\/p>\n

D\u2019autres langues qui \u00e9taient autrefois consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme isol\u00e9es sont le cor\u00e9en et le japonais, bien que cela soit quelque peu controvers\u00e9. En fait, des preuves ont \u00e9merg\u00e9 les liant \u00e0 d\u2019autres dialectes.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ancienne langue sum\u00e9rienne, une autre langue isol\u00e9e, fut une langue influente en M\u00e9sopotamie \u00e0 partir du IIIe si\u00e8cle avant JC. Et elle reste influente aujourd\u2019hui gr\u00e2ce aux d\u00e9couvertes arch\u00e9ologiques et \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte de centaines de milliers de textes sum\u00e9riens allant des anciens registres fiscaux aux manuels scolaires. Cette langue, pr\u00e9serv\u00e9 en \u00e9criture cun\u00e9iforme, nous a donn\u00e9 les plus anciennes \u0153uvres litt\u00e9raires que nous connaissons, comme l\u2019\u00c9pop\u00e9e de Gilgamesh<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Langues isol\u00e9es versus langues non class\u00e9es <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Il est important de noter que les isolats linguistiques ne sont pas la m\u00eame chose que les langues non class\u00e9es. Les langues non class\u00e9es sont normalement des langues mortes dont on sait trop peu de choses pour les classer en langues distinctes. Il n\u2019est pas possible de d\u00e9terminer si une langue non class\u00e9e est \u00e9galement une langue isol\u00e9e. En fait, certaines langues isol\u00e9es, comme le cor\u00e9en et le japonais, peuvent \u00eatre reclass\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>D\u2019o\u00f9 viennent les isolats linguistiques\u00a0?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bien qu\u2019il soit difficile d\u2019identifier l\u2019origine pr\u00e9cise de certaines des langues isol\u00e9es, il est possible que beaucoup d\u2019entre elles soient les derni\u00e8res branches de familles linguistiques plus larges, dont les autres parents ont disparu sans laisser de documentation solide. De nombreuses langues isol\u00e9es sont en danger d\u2019extinction, \u00e9teintes ou perdues<\/a> et elles existent souvent dans des endroits isol\u00e9s, telles que les langues indig\u00e8nes de la jungle amazonienne ou les langues de r\u00e9gions montagneuses, comme les Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Les langues des signes peuvent aussi \u00eatre des langues isol\u00e9es. La langue des signes nicaraguayenne, par exemple, est apparue comme une nouvelle langue isol\u00e9e \u00e0 la fin du XXe si\u00e8cle. Au d\u00e9but, elle s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e parmi les communaut\u00e9s de jeunes sourds, dans de nouvelles \u00e9coles sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es, mais plus tard, elle est devenue une langue florissante et s\u2019est r\u00e9pandue au fur et \u00e0 mesure que ces enfants grandissaient et la transmettaient aux g\u00e9n\u00e9rations suivantes.<\/p>\n

Des recherches r\u00e9centes ont m\u00eame sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que les voyages interstellaires pourraient cr\u00e9er des langues isol\u00e9es. Qu\u2019en penses-tu\u00a0? Penses-tu que, dans l\u2019avenir, la science-fiction deviendra r\u00e9alit\u00e9\u00a0? Lis \u00e0 ce sujet dans notre prochain article sur les langues et l\u2019isolement.<\/p>\n

Avec une exp\u00e9rience \u00e9prouv\u00e9e dans plus de 200 langues<\/a>, y compris la langue basque et d\u2019autres langues moins connues, Trusted Translations<\/em><\/em> est un service complet qui offre des traductions de haute qualit\u00e9 et abordables. Pour en savoir plus sur nos services de traduction, contacte-nous d\u00e8s aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Un isolat linguistique est une langue qui ne semble pas avoir de relation v\u00e9rifiable avec d\u2019autres langues, comme si elle s\u2019\u00e9tait d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cart des autres (d\u2019o\u00f9 le terme). Autrement\u2026\n","protected":false},"author":111,"featured_media":160959,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[17432],"tags":[17784,17782,17781,17780,17783],"class_list":["post-160995","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-langues-fr","tag-basque-fr","tag-famille-de-langues","tag-langue-coreenne","tag-langues-eteintes","tag-origine-dune-langue"],"yoast_head":"\nQu\u2019est-ce que les isolats linguistiques\u00a0? - Trusted Translations, Inc.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il existe plusieurs langues tr\u00e8s particuli\u00e8res qui, pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment pour cette raison, sont appel\u00e9es langues isol\u00e9es. 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