{"id":183337,"date":"2023-02-23T11:00:32","date_gmt":"2023-02-23T14:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.trustedtranslations.com\/?post_type=blog&p=183337"},"modified":"2023-02-13T15:17:54","modified_gmt":"2023-02-13T18:17:54","slug":"un-dictionnaire-officiel-anglais-afro-americain","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.trustedtranslations.com\/fr\/blog\/un-dictionnaire-officiel-anglais-afro-americain","title":{"rendered":"Un dictionnaire officiel pour l’anglais afro-am\u00e9ricain"},"content":{"rendered":"

Par leur fluidit\u00e9, les langues ressemblent \u00e0 des organismes, et les communaut\u00e9s de locuteurs, \u00e0 l’environnement. Pour cette raison, il vaut toujours la peine de se plonger dans l’\u00e9volution des langues et des cultures qui les ont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9es et continuent de fa\u00e7onner leur forme actuelle.<\/p>\n

Gr\u00e2ce aux fondations Mellon et Wagner, l’Oxford English Dictionary<\/em> (OED<\/em>) et le Hutchins Center for African-American Research de l’Universit\u00e9 de Harvard m\u00e8nent actuellement un projet visant \u00e0 cr\u00e9er le premier dictionnaire int\u00e9gral de l’anglais afro-am\u00e9ricain, l’Oxford Dictionary of African American English<\/em> (ODAAE<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Le projet, qui comprendra trois ans de recherche, rassemble les ressources lexicographiques de l’OED<\/em> et du r\u00e9seau de chercheurs du Hutchins Center, et devrait voir la publication en 2025. Il sera bas\u00e9 sur des exemples d’anglais afro-am\u00e9ricain parl\u00e9e et \u00e9crit de tout au long de l’histoire de cette vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de la langue anglaise.<\/p>\n

Selon le pr\u00e9sident de Oxford Languages \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b(Oxford University Press)<\/a>, Casper Grathwohl, \u00ab\u00a0l’anglais afro-am\u00e9ricain a eu un impact profond sur la langue la plus parl\u00e9e au monde, mais une grande partie de cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 cach\u00e9e.\u00a0 L’ODAAE<\/em> cherche \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre cette contribution plus pleinement et plus formellement et, ce faisant [\u2026] \u00e0 construire une image plus pr\u00e9cise de la fa\u00e7on dont la vie afro-am\u00e9ricaine a influenc\u00e9 notre fa\u00e7on de parler, et donc qui nous sommes\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Les entr\u00e9es comprendront la d\u00e9finition, la prononciation, l’orthographe, l’\u00e9tymologie et des citations du bon usage des mots. Cela aidera \u00e0 placer au premier plan les contributions que les \u00e9crivains, penseurs et artistes afro-am\u00e9ricains ont apport\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9volution du lexique anglais.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Chaque locuteur de l’anglais am\u00e9ricain utilise des emprunts invent\u00e9s par des Afro-Am\u00e9ricains, m\u00eame s’ils ne s’en rendent pas compte\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Henry Louis Gates Jr., r\u00e9dacteur en chef de l’ODAAE<\/em> et directeur du Hutchins Center.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Des mots d’origine africaine, tels que goober<\/i> (\u00ab\u00a0cacahu\u00e8te \u00bb), gumbo <\/i>(\u00ab\u00a0soupe de gombo \u00bb) et okra <\/i>(\u00ab\u00a0gombo\u00a0\u00bb), ont surv\u00e9cu au passage du milieu avec nos anc\u00eatres africains. Et des mots dont on sous-estime aujourd’hui la valeur, comme cool <\/i>(\u00ab\u00a0g\u00e9nial \u00bb), crib <\/i>(\u00ab\u00a0maison\u00a0\u00bb), hokum <\/i>(\u00ab\u00a0absurde\u00a0\u00bb), diss <\/i>(\u00ab\u00a0insulte\u00a0\u00bb), hip <\/i>(\u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 la mode\u00a0\u00bb), hep <\/i>(\u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 la mode\u00a0\u00bb), bad <\/i>(\u00ab\u00a0bon\u00a0\u00bb) et dig <\/i>(\u00ab\u00a0comprendre\u00a0\u00bb) ne sont qu’une petite partie des mots qui […] sont issus de la vie des Noirs dans ce pays au cours des derniers si\u00e8cles\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Bien s\u00fbr, l’ODAAE<\/em> sera plus qu’un catalogue d’une collection de mots popularis\u00e9s par les Afro-Am\u00e9ricains. La linguiste Sonja Lanehart de l’Universit\u00e9 d’Arizona souligne <\/a>que \u00ab\u00a0l’\u00e9tymologie d’un mot et l’histoire de ce mot sont tr\u00e8s importantes […] pour comprendre comment une langue s’est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, a \u00e9volu\u00e9 et qui y a particip\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Il a fallu beaucoup de temps pour en arriver l\u00e0, pour montrer que les Noirs et la langue noire ne sont pas grotesques, exotiques ou imparfaits\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9 ensuite. \u00ab\u00a0Ils ont une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de la langue qui est diff\u00e9rente et qui doit \u00eatre reconnue comme toute autre vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de la langue.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

S’appuyant sur cette id\u00e9e, Adam Bradley, membre du conseil consultatif de l’ODAAE<\/em> et professeur de litt\u00e9rature anglaise et d’\u00e9tudes afro-am\u00e9ricaines \u00e0 l’UCLA, a pris la parole lors de l’\u00e9mission de radio nationale canadienne Jour 6<\/em> et a soulign\u00e9 comment<\/a> \u00ab\u00a0les dictionnaires, quand on y pense, codifient la langue\u00a0\u00bb. Les dictionnaires cr\u00e9ent un enregistrement historique d’une langue vivante et fonctionnelle. Et cette fluidit\u00e9 du langage n’est qu’exacerb\u00e9e dans le monde d’aujourd’hui, o\u00f9 les r\u00e9seaux sociaux permettent \u00e0 de nouvelles id\u00e9es et concepts d’\u00eatre transmis \u00e0 la vitesse de la lumi\u00e8re d’un coin du monde \u00e0 l’autre.<\/p>\n

La langue anglaise \u00ab\u00a0change avec chaque chanson, chaque tweet, chaque conversation qui a lieu entre les Afro-Am\u00e9ricains et la culture en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral\u00a0\u00bb. C’est ainsi que les langues deviennent ce qu’elles sont. Chaque langue actuellement parl\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 fa\u00e7onn\u00e9e de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re par les cultures et les sous-cultures qui coexistent avec elle et influencent son d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n

Mais au-del\u00e0 d’\u00eatre un enregistrement historique informatif d’un aspect particulier de l’anglais, l’ODAAE<\/em> servira d’outil pour les universitaires et pour les chercheurs, ainsi que pour les traducteurs et ceux qui travaillent dans la localisation<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ce nouveau dictionnaire est, \u00e0 tous points de vue, quelque chose d’incroyablement sp\u00e9cial. Il raconte l’histoire d’un peuple indispensable \u00e0 la formation des \u00c9tats-Unis. I ne s’agit pas seulement de la langue. Ces personnes et leurs histoires sont, bien s\u00fbr, au c\u0153ur du projet, et ce projet leur appartient de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s importante. Du pass\u00e9 au futur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Par leur fluidit\u00e9, les langues ressemblent \u00e0 des organismes, et les communaut\u00e9s de locuteurs, \u00e0 l\u2019environnement. 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