{"id":207504,"date":"2023-05-25T12:28:01","date_gmt":"2023-05-25T15:28:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.trustedtranslations.com\/?post_type=blog&p=207504"},"modified":"2023-08-08T12:14:53","modified_gmt":"2023-08-08T15:14:53","slug":"cours-d-introduction-au-yiddish","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.trustedtranslations.com\/fr\/blog\/cours-d-introduction-au-yiddish","title":{"rendered":"Cours d\u2019introduction au yiddish"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00ab\u00a0Il est extr\u00eamement meshuggeneh <\/i>aujourd’hui\u00a0\u00bb, soupire-je lorsque notre chat cour et saute dans l’appartement, faisant tomber les tchotchkes <\/i>des \u00e9tag\u00e8res. En tant qu\u2019originaire de Brooklyn, ces phrases ont toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sentes chez moi, m\u00eame dans ma famille catholique anglophone. Et ce ne sont que deux ou trois des nombreuses expressions en yiddish qui sont entr\u00e9es dans notre vocabulaire anglais quotidien<\/a>, telles que spiel<\/i>, nosh<\/i>, chutzpah <\/i>et plus.<\/p>\n

Qu\u2019est-ce que le yiddish\u00a0? Examinons les origines et l’histoire du yiddish, sa pr\u00e9valence et son influence culturelle aujourd’hui et sa relation avec l’h\u00e9breu.<\/p>\n

Les origines et l’histoire du yiddish<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Le yiddish est une langue germanique occidentale et la langue vernaculaire traditionnelle des Juifs ashk\u00e9nazes, un peuple d’Europe centrale et orientale, et de leurs descendants. Ayant exist\u00e9 pendant plus de mille ans, on pense que la langue est apparue lorsque des Juifs de France et d’Italie ont migr\u00e9 vers la vall\u00e9e du Rhin au Xe si\u00e8cle, incorporant des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de l\u2019allemand<\/a>, de l\u2019h\u00e9breu et de l’aram\u00e9en dans leur langue. Cette langue fut ensuite influenc\u00e9e par les langues slaves lorsque ses locuteurs se sont install\u00e9s dans toute l’Europe de l’Est.<\/p>\n

Historiquement, le yiddish \u00e9tait consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme la langue de la vie quotidienne dans les communaut\u00e9s ashk\u00e9nazes. C’\u00e9tait un compl\u00e9ment \u00e0 l’h\u00e9breu, qui \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9 pour les activit\u00e9s religieuses, et \u00e0 l’aram\u00e9en, qui \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9 pour les activit\u00e9s acad\u00e9miques. Au XIXe et au d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle, la litt\u00e9rature, la musique et l’\u00e9rudition yiddish ont connu une popularit\u00e9 croissante, tandis que les journaux en yiddish se sont r\u00e9pandus en Europe de l’Est et aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n

Cependant, bien que le yiddish ait atteint son apog\u00e9e avec quelque 11 millions de locuteurs dans les ann\u00e9es 1940, la majorit\u00e9 d’eux furent massacr\u00e9s pendant l’Holocauste. Apr\u00e8s cette catastrophe de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et la migration des locuteurs de yiddish vers Isra\u00ebl, o\u00f9 ils ont adopt\u00e9 l’h\u00e9breu, l’utilisation du yiddish a d\u00e9clin\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le yiddish dans le monde aujourd’hui<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Malgr\u00e9 les craintes de disparition de la langue, il y a aujourd’hui un int\u00e9r\u00eat croissant pour la langue et la culture yiddish parmi les jeunes, probablement gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’\u00e9norme influence du yiddish sur la culture, la litt\u00e9rature, l’\u00e9ducation, la musique et la politique, notamment dans les communaut\u00e9s juives aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Le yiddish est actuellement la langue maternelle ou la langue de choix de nombreux juifs orthodoxes, qui le parlent \u00e0 la maison, au travail et \u00e0 l’\u00e9cole. La plupart des estimations placent le nombre de locuteurs de yiddish \u00e0 environ 250\u00a0000 personnes aux \u00c9tats-Unis, 250\u00a0000 en Isra\u00ebl et 100\u00a0000 dans le reste du monde.<\/p>\n

La plus grande population de locuteurs de yiddish des \u00c9tats-Unis se trouve \u00e0 New York, en particulier dans les quartiers orthodoxes de Brooklyn, telles que Williamsburg et Boro Park. La langue a m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 incluse dans l’Office of Language Access<\/a>, un nouveau projet de l’\u00c9tat de New York, avec les dix autres principales langues de l’\u00c9tat. La ville de New York<\/a> abrite la principale institution mondiale d’\u00e9rudition yiddish (YIVO), plusieurs journaux en yiddish, des entreprises o\u00f9 l’on parle le yiddish et des troupes de th\u00e9\u00e2tre yiddish. Il y a m\u00eame un cours de yiddish Duolingo, si tu veux pratiquer ton spiel.<\/i><\/p>\n

Yiddish et h\u00e9breu\u00a0: Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Le yiddish est-il la m\u00eame chose que l’h\u00e9breu ? Outre leurs liens \u00e9vidents avec le juda\u00efsme, le yiddish et l’h\u00e9breu utilisent le m\u00eame alphabet et s’\u00e9crivent tous deux de droite \u00e0 gauche. Cependant, les deux langues pr\u00e9sentent de nombreuses diff\u00e9rences.<\/p>\n

L’h\u00e9breu est une langue s\u00e9mitique \u2014\u00a0c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019il appartient \u00e0 la m\u00eame famille que l’arabe ou l’amharique\u00a0\u2014 alors que le yiddish est une langue germanique. Bien que le yiddish comprenne beaucoup de mots h\u00e9breux, il a une prononciation nettement distincte. De plus, malgr\u00e9 le m\u00eame alphabet, des \u00e9l\u00e9ments tels que la disposition des lettres et la pr\u00e9sence de voyelles sont tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents en yiddish.<\/p>\n

Enfin, l’h\u00e9breu est langue officielle en Isra\u00ebl, et le yiddish ne l’est pas. En fait, bien que cela ait chang\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, l\u2019utilisation du yiddish a \u00e9t\u00e9 dissuad\u00e9 en Isra\u00ebl afin de promouvoir la r\u00e9apparition de l’h\u00e9breu. Cette histoire est un excellent rappel que les traductions en yiddish n\u00e9cessitent un traitement professionnel<\/a> pour saisir pleinement les nuances linguistiques, politiques et culturelles de cette langue fascinante.<\/p>\n

Mais c’est genug<\/i> de bavardage pour l’instant !<\/p>\n

Photo de\u00a0Ryan DaRin\u00a0chez\u00a0Unsplash<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00ab\u00a0Il est extr\u00eamement meshuggeneh aujourd\u2019hui\u00a0\u00bb, soupire-je lorsque notre chat cour et saute dans l\u2019appartement, faisant tomber les tchotchkes des \u00e9tag\u00e8res. En tant qu\u2019originaire de Brooklyn, ces phrases ont toujours \u00e9t\u00e9\u2026\n","protected":false},"author":111,"featured_media":206380,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[17432],"tags":[18972,7676,18970,18973,18923],"class_list":["post-207504","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-langues-fr","tag-amharique","tag-arameen","tag-hebreu-fr","tag-langue-semitique","tag-semitic-language"],"yoast_head":"\nCours d\u2019introduction au yiddish - Trusted Translations, Inc.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le yiddish est la langue traditionnelle des Juifs ashk\u00e9nazes et largement parl\u00e9e par la communaut\u00e9 juive aux \u00c9tats-Unis. 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