{"id":209444,"date":"2023-06-08T12:34:04","date_gmt":"2023-06-08T15:34:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.trustedtranslations.com\/?post_type=blog&p=209444"},"modified":"2023-08-07T23:09:22","modified_gmt":"2023-08-08T02:09:22","slug":"tout-ce-qu-il-faut-savoir-sur-l-afrikaans","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.trustedtranslations.com\/fr\/blog\/tout-ce-qu-il-faut-savoir-sur-l-afrikaans","title":{"rendered":"Tout ce qu\u2019il faut savoir sur l\u2019afrikaans"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu as peut-\u00eatre vu des monuments comm\u00e9morant des \u00e9v\u00e9nements importants, des personnages historiques c\u00e9l\u00e8bres ou m\u00eame des animaux, mais as-tu d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu un monument d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 une langue\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Situ\u00e9 en Afrique du Sud, le monument de la langue afrikaans<\/a> comm\u00e9more l\u2019histoire complexe de la langue afrikaans et c\u00e9l\u00e8bre sa continuit\u00e9. Dans cet article de blog, nous examinerons de plus pr\u00e8s les origines de l\u2019afrikaans, son utilisation dans le monde actuel et sa relation avec le n\u00e9erlandais.<\/p>\n

Les origines et l\u2019histoire de l\u2019afrikaans<\/strong><\/h2>\n

L\u2019afrikaans, tir\u00e9 du mot n\u00e9erlandais signifiant \u00ab\u00a0africain\u00a0\u00bb, est une langue germanique occidentale qui surgit \u00e0 la fin du XVIIe si\u00e8cle. Autrefois appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0n\u00e9erlandais du Cap\u00a0\u00bb, la langue a \u00e9volu\u00e9 \u00e0 partir du vernaculaire n\u00e9erlandais parl\u00e9e par les colons de la Compagnie n\u00e9erlandaise des Indes orientales, qui occupaient une partie importante de l\u2019Afrique australe. Ici, les colons d\u2019origine n\u00e9erlandaise, allemande et fran\u00e7aise se sont m\u00eal\u00e9s aux populations autochtones, notamment le peuple Khoisan, ainsi qu\u2019aux esclaves Africains et Asiatiques. Gr\u00e2ce au contact avec de diverses langues, l\u2019afrikaans a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des caract\u00e9ristiques uniques qui ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 changer au cours du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n

En 1925, le gouvernement sud-africain a reconnu l\u2019afrikaans comme une langue, plut\u00f4t que comme un dialecte du n\u00e9erlandais, et l\u2019a d\u00e9sign\u00e9 comme langue officielle de l\u2019Afrique du Sud. Les deux langues officielles de l\u2019Afrique du Sud pendant la p\u00e9riode de s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation raciale (1948-1994) connue sous le nom d\u2019apartheid<\/i> furent l\u2019anglais et l\u2019afrikaans. En 1994, neuf langues africaines ont obtenu le statut de langue officielle pour aider \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation raciale et pour promouvoir le multilinguisme dans le pays.<\/p>\n

L\u2019afrikaans dans le monde aujourd\u2019hui<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bien que reconnu comme langue officielle, l\u2019afrikaans n\u2019a pas eu une histoire sans controverse. Aujourd\u2019hui, de nombreux Sud-Africains noirs caract\u00e9risent l\u2019afrikaans comme une langue d\u2019oppression, puisqu\u2019il a \u00e9t\u00e9 impos\u00e9 dans des \u00e9coles\u00a0r\u00e9serv\u00e9es aux habitants d\u2019origine europ\u00e9enne et utilis\u00e9 par d\u2019autres institutions, telles que les forces de l\u2019ordre, pour soutenir le syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation raciale.<\/p>\n

L\u2019histoire controvers\u00e9e de l\u2019afrikaans a fait craindre que la langue ne soit en danger d\u2019extinction<\/a>. Pourtant, les chiffres sugg\u00e8rent que l\u2019afrikaans n\u2019est en aucun cas en train de dispara\u00eetre. Il est parl\u00e9 par environ 7 millions de personnes en Afrique du Sud, soit environ 13,5\u00a0% de la population, ainsi que quelque 200 000 personnes en Namibie. Dans le monde, il y a environ 8,3 millions de locuteurs de l\u2019afrikaans, y compris des communaut\u00e9s importantes en Australie et en Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande.<\/p>\n

L\u2019afrikaans est-il la m\u00eame chose que le n\u00e9erlandais\u00a0?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

L\u2019afrikaans et le n\u00e9erlandais sont suffisamment proches pour \u00eatre des langues mutuellement intelligibles, en particulier lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit de la langue \u00e9crite, mais il existe des diff\u00e9rences notables entre les deux. En fait, on dit qu\u2019il est plus facile pour les locuteurs de n\u00e9erlandais de comprendre les locuteurs d\u2019afrikaans qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019inverse.<\/p>\n

Bien qu\u2019il existe des diff\u00e9rences phon\u00e9tiques et orthographiques entre les deux langues, l\u2019\u00e9cart est le plus \u00e9vident en ce qui concerne la grammaire. Par exemple, l\u2019afrikaans utilise une version simplifi\u00e9e de certaines caract\u00e9ristiques grammaticales n\u00e9erlandaises, supprimant les genres grammaticaux ainsi que de nombreuses conjugaisons. L\u2019utilisation du pass\u00e9 simple a presque disparu en afrikaans, par exemple. L\u2019afrikaans est \u00e9galement unique dans son usage du double n\u00e9gatif, ce qui est tr\u00e8s rare en n\u00e9erlandais standard.<\/p>\n

Enfin, bien que les langues partagent certaines confluences, il existe \u00e9galement plusieurs faux amis. En n\u00e9erlandais, par exemple, le mot eventueel <\/i>signifie \u00ab\u00a0possiblement\u00a0\u00bb, mais, en afrikaans, il est souvent traduit par \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9ventuel\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9ventuellement\u00a0\u00bb. Cela nous rappelle qu\u2019un traducteur professionnel<\/a> peut aider \u00e0 \u00e9viter toute erreur maladroite ou tout faux pas politique ou culturel lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit de langues proches mais certainement pas identiques<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Photo de Taryn Elliott<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Tu as peut-\u00eatre vu des monuments comm\u00e9morant des \u00e9v\u00e9nements importants, des personnages historiques c\u00e9l\u00e8bres ou m\u00eame des animaux, mais as-tu d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu un monument d\u00e9di\u00e9 \u00e0 une langue\u00a0? Situ\u00e9 en\u2026\n","protected":false},"author":111,"featured_media":207575,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[17432],"tags":[19025,13299],"class_list":["post-209444","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-langues-fr","tag-afrique-du-sud","tag-south-africa"],"yoast_head":"\nTout ce qu\u2019il faut savoir sur l\u2019afrikaans - Trusted Translations, Inc.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As-tu entendu parler de l\u2019afrikaans\u00a0? 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