{"id":213401,"date":"2023-07-20T12:20:31","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T15:20:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.trustedtranslations.com\/?post_type=blog&p=213401"},"modified":"2023-07-20T12:20:31","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T15:20:31","slug":"dialectes-ethnolectes-sociolectes","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.trustedtranslations.com\/fr\/blog\/dialectes-ethnolectes-sociolectes","title":{"rendered":"Dialectes, ethnolectes et sociolectes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Comment nos mani\u00e8res particuli\u00e8res de parler se sont-elles d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es ? Il existe de nombreux exemples de vari\u00e9t\u00e9 lexicale dans notre langage quotidien. Dans le Ouest, par exemple, les sacs sont appel\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0pochons\u00a0\u00bb, et, dans le Sud, un pastis peut \u00eatre appel\u00e9 un \u00ab\u00a0un petit jaune\u00a0\u00bb. M\u00eame d’un point de vue linguistique, toutes ces variations de vocabulaire, ainsi que le nombre de vari\u00e9t\u00e9s dialectiques, semblent interminables.<\/p>\n

Dans cet article de blog, nous en apprendrons davantage sur les dialectes, les ethnolectes et les sociolectes et discuterons de leur importance pour la traduction et pour la localisation<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Dialectes<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre une langue et un dialecte\u00a0? La diff\u00e9rence n’est pas toujours claire, m\u00eame pour les linguistes, et les deux termes sont utilis\u00e9s comme synonymes dans les conversations informelles.<\/p>\n

Selon la plupart des d\u00e9finitions, un dialecte est une forme ou une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d’une langue qui est utilis\u00e9e dans une r\u00e9gion particuli\u00e8re ou qui est utilis\u00e9e par un groupe social en particulier, c’est-\u00e0-dire, une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 qui pr\u00e9sente des caract\u00e9ristiques uniques de grammaire, de vocabulaire et de prononciation, qui sont souvent influenc\u00e9s par le contexte g\u00e9ographique ou social. Il existe de nombreux exemples de dialectes, dans l’Antiquit\u00e9 et dans lest temps modernes, par exemple, le grec \u00e9olien, un dialecte du grec ancien, et l’anglais du Sud des \u00c9tats-Unis, un dialecte r\u00e9gional de l’anglais moderne.<\/p>\n

Ethnolectes<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Un ethnolecte est une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d’une langue qui est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 un groupe ethnique particulier. Aux \u00c9tats-Unis, par exemple, l’anglais chicano est associ\u00e9 aux personnes d’origine mexicaine et l’anglais vernaculaire afro-am\u00e9ricain<\/a> aux Afro-Am\u00e9ricains. Il existe \u00e9galement des multiethnolectes, ou vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de la langue qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 influenc\u00e9es par plusieurs autres langues, en particulier dans des zones urbaines denses o\u00f9 habitent les classes ouvri\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

Le terme n’est pas sans controverse. Certains chercheurs craignent que si nous nous concentrons sur les aspects ethniques du d\u00e9veloppement du langage, nous n\u00e9gligeons d’autres facteurs importants, et il est possible que cette fa\u00e7on d\u2019aborder le sujet conduise \u00e0 des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes nuisibles. Par exemple, il faut \u00e9viter de tomber dans le pi\u00e8ge de l’id\u00e9ologie d\u2019une langue standard, qui, en proposant une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 majoritaire comme langue pure sugg\u00e8re que les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s minoritaires sont hors norme.<\/p>\n

Sociolectes<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Un sociolecte est une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de la langue parl\u00e9e par un certain groupe ou une certaine classe sociale. Les sociolectes peuvent \u00eatre influenc\u00e9s par un large \u00e9ventail de facteurs sociaux, notamment des facteurs tels que le statut socio-\u00e9conomique, l’\u00e9ducation et la profession, ainsi que le groupe d’\u00e2ge, la religion, le genre, l’ethnicit\u00e9 (les ethnolectes peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des sociolectes), etc.<\/p>\n

Par exemple, en Angleterre, l’argot cockney, qui appartient aux classes ouvri\u00e8res de Londres, et la prononciation standard, patrimoine des m\u00e9dias et des \u00e9lites, peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des ethnolectes. On dit qu’auparavant, dans l’\u00c9tat de New York, l’accent non rhotique, dans lequel les r<\/i> terminaux des mots ne se prononcent pas, \u00e9tait associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la classe ouvri\u00e8re, tandis que l\u2019haute soci\u00e9t\u00e9 exag\u00e9rait ce phon\u00e8me.<\/p>\n

Pourquoi les dialectes sont-ils importants pour la traduction et pour la localisation\u00a0?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bien s\u00fbr, la langue n’est pas toujours une science exacte ou \u00e9vidente. La plupart des gens utilisent plus d’un dialecte dans leur discours quotidien, et beaucoup d’entre nous, m\u00eame inconsciemment, alternent les dialectes qu\u2019ils utilisent en fonction de la situation dans laquelle ils se trouvent.<\/p>\n

Ainsi, lorsque nous travaillons sur une traduction ou une localisation, il est essentiel de garder ces concepts \u00e0 l’esprit. Certains publics cibles et certaines situations n\u00e9cessitent un traducteur professionnel<\/a> connaissant des dialectes, ethnolectes et sociolectes sp\u00e9cifiques pour garantir le meilleur r\u00e9sultat possible.<\/p>\n

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Photo de\u00a0Victoria Strukovskaya\u00a0chez\u00a0Unsplash<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Comment nos mani\u00e8res particuli\u00e8res de parler se sont-elles d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es ? Il existe de nombreux exemples de vari\u00e9t\u00e9 lexicale dans notre langage quotidien. Dans le Ouest, par exemple, les sacs sont\u2026\n","protected":false},"author":111,"featured_media":213089,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[7517],"tags":[19157,18881],"class_list":["post-213401","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pour-acheteurs-de-traduction","tag-differences-linguistiques","tag-varietes-de-la-langue-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nDialectes, ethnolectes et sociolectes - Trusted Translations, Inc.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Que sont les dialectes, les ethnolectes et les sociolectes\u00a0? 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