{"id":177957,"date":"2023-01-26T11:00:58","date_gmt":"2023-01-26T14:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.trustedtranslations.com\/?post_type=blog&p=177957"},"modified":"2023-02-09T11:23:44","modified_gmt":"2023-02-09T14:23:44","slug":"idioma-e-hegemonia-do-ingles","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/www.trustedtranslations.com\/pt-br\/blog\/idioma-e-hegemonia-do-ingles","title":{"rendered":"O ingl\u00eas e sua hegemonia"},"content":{"rendered":"

De sites a m\u00eddias sociais, de an\u00fancios a romances, os conte\u00fados em ingl\u00eas exercem forte influ\u00eancia ao redor do globo. Como o idioma mais falado no mundo, com mais de 1,5 bilh\u00e3o de falantes no mundo todo, o ingl\u00eas \u00e9 considerado a lingua franca<\/i> <\/em>do com\u00e9rcio internacional, da ci\u00eancia, do meio acad\u00eamico, entre outros. O idioma estabeleceu uma hegemonia global como nenhum outro.<\/p>\n

Mas porque o ingl\u00eas \u00e9 <\/em>t\u00e3o facilmente acess\u00edvel mundialmente? Logo abaixo, vamos dar uma olhada em como o ingl\u00eas chegou ao poder e a influ\u00eancia que ele possui hoje em dia.<\/p>\n

Ingl\u00eas e o Imp\u00e9rio<\/strong><\/h2>\n

O ingl\u00eas nem sempre teve associa\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00e3o glamourosas. Ap\u00f3s suas origens germ\u00e2nicas humildes como anglo-sax\u00e3o (tamb\u00e9m chamado de Velho Ingl\u00eas), a invas\u00e3o de William, o Conquistador, e os normandos em 1066 marcaram a transforma\u00e7\u00e3o do idioma. Pelos tr\u00eas s\u00e9culos seguintes, ou algo parecido, os conquistadores normandos da elite da Bretanha falavam franc\u00eas, relegando o ingl\u00eas ao idioma dos camponeses, enquanto tamb\u00e9m introduziam milhares de palavras do vocabul\u00e1rio franc\u00eas.<\/p>\n

Em algum momento, contudo, a sorte do ingl\u00eas come\u00e7ou a melhorar. O idioma ganhou um status mais aceit\u00e1vel; no final do s\u00e9culo 14, ele era adotado at\u00e9 pela corte real. Mas foi a expans\u00e3o do imp\u00e9rio brit\u00e2nico, dos s\u00e9culos 17 a 19, que garantiu que o ingl\u00eas iria se espalhar\u2014e chegar a ser predominante\u2014por todo o globo.<\/p>\n

Em 1920, no \u00e1pice de seu poder, o imp\u00e9rio brit\u00e2nico cobria um quarto da superf\u00edcie terrestre. O papel de Londres como o centro mais importante do com\u00e9rcio global havia dado ao ingl\u00eas uma vasta influ\u00eancia, mesmo em territ\u00f3rios que n\u00e3o eram oficialmente col\u00f4nias brit\u00e2nicas. Como resultado, o ingl\u00eas se tornou um capital valioso, principalmente devido ao fato do imp\u00e9rio brit\u00e2nico aplicar a supremacia do ingl\u00eas de maneira dura, atrav\u00e9s de proibi\u00e7\u00f5es a idiomas e outras pol\u00edticas de assimila\u00e7\u00e3o for\u00e7ada.<\/p>\n

Em meados do s\u00e9culo 20, os Estados Unidos chegaram para ocupar a posi\u00e7\u00e3o da Gr\u00e3-Bretanha como o epicentro da economia mundial. Isso consolidou ainda mais o ingl\u00eas como o principal player <\/i>no com\u00e9rcio internacional, na tecnologia e na ind\u00fastria, t\u00e3o familiar a n\u00f3s hoje em dia.<\/p>\n

Predom\u00ednio mundial do ingl\u00eas<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hoje o ingl\u00eas \u00e9 usado largamente nas principais revistas cient\u00edficas, adotado como um idioma oficial em 67 pa\u00edses e altamente valorizado em escolas e locais de trabalho no mundo todo. Por exemplo, por toda a Europa, quase 100% dos alunos estudam ingl\u00eas em algum ponto em sua educa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>. O ingl\u00eas se tornou uma moeda corrente global de prest\u00edgio\u2014a flu\u00eancia \u00e9 desejada pois pode conferir status, perspectivas de emprego, credenciais educacionais, maiores rendas e muito mais.<\/p>\n

Na verdade, embora o ingl\u00eas em si j\u00e1 tenha sido considerado um \u201cladr\u00e3o\u201d de numerosos estrangeirismos de outros idiomas, hoje podemos medir o predom\u00ednio do ingl\u00eas atrav\u00e9s da cada vez maior ado\u00e7\u00e3o de palavras do ingl\u00eas em outros idiomas. Isso se aplica especialmente a g\u00edrias americanas modernas, conceitos tecnol\u00f3gicos e marcas. Na Fran\u00e7a, apesar dos esfor\u00e7os em combater anglicismos, palavras como le selfie<\/i> <\/em>e le Bitcoin<\/i> <\/em>j\u00e1 fazem parte do dicion\u00e1rio; na Alemanha, \u201ccringe<\/i>\u201d foi at\u00e9 mesmo votada como a Palavra Jovem do Ano 2021.<\/p>\n

O lado escuro da hegemonia do ingl\u00eas<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Embora o ingl\u00eas possa certamente oferecer muitos benef\u00edcios, a supremacia global de qualquer idioma tamb\u00e9m traz s\u00e9rios custos associados, levando alguns estudiosos a chamar a expans\u00e3o global do ingl\u00eas de \u201cimperialismo lingu\u00edstico.\u201d<\/p>\n

N\u00e3o podemos esquecer que a hegemonia do ingl\u00eas se fundamenta em s\u00e9culos de coloniza\u00e7\u00e3o, genoc\u00eddio, escravid\u00e3o e outras atrocidades, sem falar da discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o moderna que existe em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a falantes de idiomas que n\u00e3o sejam o ingl\u00eas. Quando a ONU lan\u00e7a a D\u00e9cada Internacional dos Idiomas Ind\u00edgenas<\/a>, por exemplo, \u00e9 imposs\u00edvel ignorar os esfor\u00e7os concentrados do governo americano em erradicar os idiomas nativos nos s\u00e9culos 19 e 20.<\/p>\n

A \u201camericaniza\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d global da cultura tamb\u00e9m apresenta aos tradutores algumas dificuldades \u00fanicas. Eles devem n\u00e3o apenas conhecer as express\u00f5es do ingl\u00eas em outros idiomas, mas tamb\u00e9m devem captar outras culturas e idiomas com precis\u00e3o, sem assimil\u00e1-los em palpites anglicizados. Ao lidar com idiomas estrangeiros, portanto, \u00e9 essencial encontrar tradutores profissionais<\/a> que sejam n\u00e3o apenas linguistas excepcionais, mas que tamb\u00e9m possuam o conhecimento cultural fluente para cuidar dessa tarefa t\u00e3o delicada.<\/p>\n

Foto de\u00a0Clarissa Watson\u00a0no\u00a0Unsplash<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"De sites a m\u00eddias sociais, de an\u00fancios a romances, os conte\u00fados em ingl\u00eas exercem forte influ\u00eancia ao redor do globo. Como o idioma mais falado no mundo, com mais de\u2026\n","protected":false},"author":111,"featured_media":175659,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[17491],"tags":[18385,18370],"class_list":["post-177957","blog","type-blog","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linguas","tag-idiomas-dominantes","tag-linguistics-pt-br"],"yoast_head":"\nO ingl\u00eas e sua hegemonia - Trusted Translations, Inc.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Conte\u00fados em ingl\u00eas exercem forte influ\u00eancia ao redor do globo. 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